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plurale tantum
A ''plurale tantum'' (Latin for "plural only"; plural form: ''pluralia tantum'') is a noun that appears only in the plural form and does not have a singular variant for referring to a single object. These are used in English for objects that function as pairs or sets (spectacles, trousers, pants, scissors, clothes, electronics, bagpipes, genitals).
Many languages have ''pluralia tantum'', such as the Latin word ''kalendae'', the Russian word ''den'gi'' () ("money"), the Swedish word ''inälvor'' ("intestines"), or the Dutch word ''hersenen'' ("brain"). A bilingual example is the Latin word ''fasces'' which was brought into English; when referring to the symbol of authority, it is a ''plurale tantum'' noun in both languages.〔 "1590s, from Latin fasces 'bundle of rods containing an axe with the blade projecting' (plural of fascis 'bundle' of wood, etc.)... Carried before a lictor, a superior Roman magistrate, as a symbol of power over life and limb: the sticks symbolized punishment by whipping, the axe-head execution by beheading." Retrieved August 2, 2015.〕
==English usage==
In English, some ''plurale tantum'' nouns have a singular form, but one that is used only attributively. Phrases such as "trouser presses" and "scissor kick" contain the singular form, though it is considered non-standard to say "a trouser" or "a scissor" on their own. This accords with the strong preference for singular nouns in attributive positions in English; however, some words are used in the plural form even as attributive nouns (e.g. "clothes peg", "glasses case").
In English, a word may have definitions which are ''pluralia tantum.'' The noun 'glasses' (corrective lenses to improve eyesight) is ''plurale tantum''. The word glass (a container for drinks) may be singular or plural. In most forms of English, quantifying a ''plurale tantum'' noun requires a measure word, for example "one pair of scissors" instead of "one scissors". Some words, such as "brain" and "intestine", can be used as either ''pluralia tantum'' or as count nouns.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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